meeting7:breakouttopics [Assay and Acquisition of Radiopure Materials]

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====== Working Group Breakout Topics ======

This page is intended to help organize the breakout sessions.  There are 3 primary categories, each with several subtopics.  Note that there is natural overlap among the categories, and that cross-collaboration is encouraged.

There are two breakout sessions on Thursday and Friday afternoons and a combined session on Saturday intended for integration:

  - Mar 20 (Thu) 3:30-6:00 pm → //Identify topics and tasks//
  - Mar 21 (Fri) 4:00-6:00 pm → //Prioritize topics and plan future work//
  - Mar 22 (Sat) 10:30 am - 12:00 pm → //Integration into proposals, Consortium planning, and new integrative initiatives//


===== Simulation (Comitium) =====
//coordinator:  Anthony Villano//

__Specialized Detector Physics Simulation__ (//Thu 3:30 - 5:00 pm//)
How can specialized models be incorporated into simulation packages systematically, how can different detector packages be cross-compared systematically and continuously for new versions to be sure models behave correctly and new data is incorporated properly.

  * specialized detector physics
  * specific benchmarking with specialized geometry (e.g. Geant4/FLUKA comparison)
  * microscopic data for vetting specialized detector physics

__Cross-Collaboration with Neutron Benchmarking__ (//Thu 5:00 - 6:00 pm//)
Identify the data which exists and where they can constrain the understanding of backgrounds.  Specifically focus on exactly how some data sets can be used to constrain cosmogenic simulations.

  * useful experimental datasets
    * Gran Sasso (LVD, Borexino)
    * Soudan (LBCF, MINOS, Soudan 2)
    * CERN (HE muon spallation)

  * simulation physics constraint schemes
    * Beam measurements -- directly measure cross spallation cross sections
    * Cavern measurements (delayed n's w/o energy)
    * Cavern measurements (prompt n's w/o energy)
    * Cavern measurements (prompt n's w/ energy)

__Simulation Codes__ (//Fri 4:00 - 5:00 pm//)
Review of the existing packages for simulation and what processes exist and what the models are to add processes.

  * simulation packages for low background physics (Geant4, FLUKA, MCNP)
  * processes in each simulation package
    - model for adding to each package
    - relevant processes which exist in each package
    - specific models used by all these processes -- and for different versions of the packages

__Cross-collaboration with Radiogenics__ (//Fri 5:00 - 6:00 pm//)

  * cross sections data for microscopic (e.g. (alpha,n)) events
  * specific small scale cross section data (e.g. (alpha,n))

----
===== Radiogenics - One East (Natural Radioactivity in Shielding Materials and Detectors) =====
//coordinators:  Jodi Cooley and Chao Zhang//

//secretary:  Silvia Scorza & Jeter Hall//

//minutes://  {{:meeting7:2014_aarm_radiogenics_breakout.docx|docx}}  

__Assays__ //Thu 3:30 - 4:30 pm//
    * Community Assays Database
      * SNOLAB involvement 
      * Historical and current data entry
    * Facilities, access and needs (review of what has been done)
      * SNOWMASS 2013 report on assay needs [[http://arxiv.org/abs/1311.3311|(arXiv:1311.3311)]] [[http://www.snowmass2013.org/tiki-index.php?page=materials+details|(raw data)]] 
      * SNOWMASS 2013 data collected on world wide facilities [[https://zzz.physics.umn.edu/lowrad/consortium|(wiki)]]
    * New Detector Developments?
      * Beta Cage
      * XIA Alpha Counter for surface events
      * Others?

__Background Reduction__ //Thu 4:30 - 5:30 pm//
    * Radon abatement
      * Radon plate-out and diffusion studies 
        * L. Pattavina, LRT 2013 - {{:meeting7:pattavina_lrt2013.pdf|pdf}}
        * E.W. Hoppe et. al, NIM A 79 (2007) 486–489_ - {{:meeting7:coppercleaningandpassivation.pdf| pdf}}
        * V. E. Guiseppe et. al, LRT 2010 [[http://arxiv.org/pdf/1101.0126v1.pdf|arXiv:11.0126v1.pdf]]
        * R. Rau, LRT 2010 [[https://confluence.slac.stanford.edu/download/attachments/130877360/APC000164.pdf?version=1&modificationDate=1350486409000&api=v2|APC000164.pdf]]
        * C. Cosma, NIM B 179 (2001) 255-261 {{:meeting7:689796.pdf| pdf}}
      * Radon reduction systems 
        * R.W. Schnee, swing system -[[http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4818089|http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4818089]]
    * Cleaning and Handling
      * Review of techniques used
        * [[http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/proceeding/aipcp/1549/|LRT 2013 Conference Proceedings]] 
      * Recommendations of best techniques
    * Purification Techniques (cryogens, water, scintillator, noble liquids)

__Calculations__ //Fri 4:00 - 5:00//
    * SOURCES and USD alpha-n and fission neutron calculations
      * Silvia gave state of comparisons during plenary.
        * Other issues that should be resolved?
      * USD Website of spectra available here.
      * Should we create a database of spectra calculated by SOURCES4? 
        * Demo of mySQL database for this purpose.
      * Should/Can we facilitate sharing of code used by counting facilities (.i.e. HPGe counters, etc) 
 
    
__Cross Collaboration with Simulation Working Group__ //Fri 5:00 - 6:00 pm//
    * Nuclear cross sections and new experiments to improve nuclear data
      * Cross sections data for microscopic (e.g. (alpha,n)) events
      * Specific small scale cross section data (e.g. (alpha,n))
    * Studies of non-equilibrium decay
    * Neutron capture in materials
    * Implement physics model into GEANT4

----

===== Benchmarking (Curia II) =====
//coordinator:  Ray Bunker//

__Measurements__ — //Thu 3:30-4:30 pm//
  * **Where are we now?** (//i.e.//, which neutron- and muon-related backgrounds are well measured?)
    * Muon-induced neutrons — summary papers:
      * //Muon-Induced Background Study for Underground Laboratories//
        * Mei & Hime, PRD **73** (2006) 053004 — [[http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0512125|arXiv:astro-ph/0512125]]
      * //Muon-Induced neutron production and detection with Geant4 and FLUKA//
        * Araujo //et al.//, NIM **A545** (2005) 398 — [[http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ex/0411026|arXiv:hep-ex/0411026]]
        * Also, Kudryavtsev //et al.//, NIM **A505** (2004) 688 — [[http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ex/0303007|arXiv:hep-ex/0303007]]
        * Also, Kudryavtsev //et al.//, Eur Phys. J. **A36** (2008) 171 — [[http://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:0802.3566|arXiv:0802.3566]]
      * //Predicting Neutron Production from Cosmic-ray Muons//
        * Wang //et al.//, PRD **64** (2001) 013012 — [[http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ex/0101049|arXiv:hep-ex/0101049]]
    * Detector-specific measurements:
      * //Production of Radioactive Isotopes through Cosmic Muon Spallation in KamLAND//
        * KamLAND — S. Abe //et al.//, PRC **81** (2010) 025807 — [[http://arxiv.org/abs/0907.0066|arXiv:0907.0066]]
        * Also, Galbiati & Beacom, PRC **72** (2005) 025807 — [[http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0504227|arXiv:hep-ph/0504227]]
      * //A detection system to measure muon-induced neutrons for direct Dark Matter searches//
        * Modaine — Kozlov //et al.//, Astropart. Phys. **34** (2010) 97 — [[http://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1006.3098|arXiv:1006.3098]]
      * //Measurement and simulation of the muon-induced neutron yield in lead//
        * Zeplin III — Reichhart //et al.//, Astropart. Phys. **47** (2013) 67 — [[http://arxiv.org/abs/1302.4275|arXiv:1302.4275v2]]
      * //Cosmogenic Background in Borexino at 3800 m water-equivalent depth//
        * Borexino — Bellini //et al.//, JCAP **1308** (2013) 049 — [[http://arxiv.org/abs/1304.7381|arXiv:1304.7381]]
      * //Measurement of the muon-induced neutron yield in liquid scintillator and stainless steel at LNGS with the LVD experiment//
        * LVD — Persiani //et al.//, AIP Conf. Proc. **1549** (2013) 235 — [[http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/proceeding/aipcp/10.1063/1.4818116|LRT 2013]]
    * Spallation-source measurements:
      * //Investigations of fast neutron production by high energy muon interactions on different targets//
        * Chazal //et al.//, [[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(99)00738-1|Nucl. Phys. A663 (2000) 885]]
      * //Validation of spallation neutron production and propagation within Geant4//
        * Marino //et al.//, NIM **A582** (2007) 611 — [[http://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:0708.0848|arXiv:0708.0848]]
    * Others?
    * Organization of measurements, publications, and constraints?
  * **What remains to be done?**  (//i.e.//, which backgrounds are still poorly constrained?)
    * High-energy neutron flux & energy spectrum //vs.// depth
      * Which production processes are least well constrained?
      * Topology with respect to parent muon/shower
    * Background from muon bundles
    * Long-lived isotopes from muon spallation & stopping muons
    * Radiogenic benchmarking
    * Others?

__Data - Part I__ — //Thu 4:30-5 pm//
  * **Existing data sets — can new measurements be made with existing data?**
    * LVD, Borexino and other large-volume detectors

__Cross-collaboration with Simulation__ — //Thu 5-6 pm//

__Data - Part II__ — //Fri 4-4:30 pm//
  * **Near-term expected data — what can/will we do with data from current experiments?**
    * NMM, FaNS, Watchman, USD detector, others?

__Detector Technology__ — //Fri 4:30-6 pm//
  * **Pros & cons of different neutron-detection technologies**
    * //e.g.//, liquid scintillator //vs.// water; Gd //vs.// Li //vs.// B doping, modular //vs.// monolithic, //etc.//
  * **Design/proposal of next-generation neutron detector/facility for underground measurements**
    * Also, neutron-veto design & prototyping
  * **Funding for underground benchmarking in general**


====== Purpose of AARM ====== 
===== Coordination of Background Identification and Reduction =====
// Prisca Cushman (3/18/2014) //
==== Note that this outline is not organized with respect to the breakout session titles. Instead, it is organized by type of background and by AARM integration jobs.==== 
__Natural Radioactivity in Shielding Materials and Detectors__
  * Simulation
    * Codes and frameworks
    * General Physics models and processes
    * Advances in specific detector physics (e.g. noble liquids, or photon physics)
    * Nuclear cross sections and new experiments to improve nuclear data
    * Databases (e.g. alpha-n etc)
  * Assay
    * Assay techniques and advances
    * Facilities and access
    * Materials database (incl. identification of vendors)
  * Background Reduction
    * Radon abatement
    * Cleaning and Handling
    * Purification Techniques (cryogens, water, scintillator, noble liquids)
__Cosmogenic Effects__
  * Muon distributions
    * Parameterization and physics
    * Site-specific distributions, MUSUN
    * Cosmic Ray physics: bundles and modulation effects
  * Muon-induced neutrons
    * Simulation  
      * neutron yield and physics models (FLUKA v GEANT4)
      * multiplicity, depth study
    * Benchmarking
      * Experiments that allow comparison
      * Simulation of those experiments
  * Cosmogenic Activation
    * Nuclear physics and experimental confirmation
    * Material storage underground

__Organization and Shared Resources__
  * Shared User Facilities for screening
  * Populating and regulating the Materials Database 
  * Simulation tools
  * Creating a community for shared resources and information - future of AARM
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