====== Session 5 & 6 - Lathe ======

===== Safety =====

  - Always wear safety glasses.
  - Work piece must be clamped securely in a vice or to the mill table.
  - Make sure you are using the proper speeds and feeds for the material 			   and cutter size.
  - Make sure you understand how to switch from high to low range and how to change the v belt on step pulleys.
  - Do not use dull or burned cutting tools.
  - Once tool is clamped into the collet remove drawbar wrench immediately.  Do not leave wrench on drawbar nut.
  - Make sure spindle is running in the proper direction.  Cutters are right hand.  Spindle must rotate clockwise when viewed form the top of machine.
  - Make sure cutter is clear of part, vice, and your hands before starting spindle.
  - Always stay at the machine when it is running.
  - Make sure cutter is a safe distance away from part when using power feed. 
  - Make sure machine has fully stopped before making any measurements, adjustments, or removing part.  After spindle is turned                off use the brake to stop the spindle.
  - When removing a tool from the spindle fold up a rag and put it on the table under the tool.  Hold the brake and loosen the drawbar nut         with the wrench 1/2 to 1 turn. Hold the tool with one hand and hit the nut with the brass part of the wrench.
		13. Once machine is off and tool is removed clean machine with a brush, compressed air, then wipe off with a rag. 

===== Videos: Straight Turning Work of Two Diameters and Drill, Boring, & Reaming Work Held in a Lathe Chuck =====

 
===== Parts of lathe-handout =====


===== Work holding =====

  * Chucks
    - 3 jaw - limited holding power, not adjustable
    - 4 jaw - irregular shaped parts, fully adjustable, slow to setup
    - 6 jaw - good holding power, adjustable, fast
    - Mounting and removing chucks
      * Place a board under chuck when removing or mounting it.
      * Make sure chuck is tight on spindle before turning lathe on.
      * Disengage power feed when cutting close to chuck.
    - Collets - 1/64" to 1 1/8", run out of ~.001"
    - Faceplate
    - Turning between centers- use live center to support long work
  * Lathe cutting tools
    - HSS, carbide
    - Grinding proper clearances and rake- wood examples
    - Honing 
  * Tool holders
    - Setting tool on center
    - Short extension for rigid setup
  * Operations
    - Facing
    - Center drilling/drilling/reaming/tapping (using Tail stock and center to guide tap)
    - Straight Turning
    - Taper Turning - angle compound
    - Boring
    - Knurling
    - Cutoff/parting
    - Single point threading - internal & external
    - Filing & polishing- file left handed to keep hand away from chuck jaws
  * Speeds and Feeds	
    - Cutting speed formula
      * RPM = (4 x cutting speed) / Work diameter
      * Aluminum	  150 SFM
      * Brass 		  150 SFM
      * Copper		  100 SFM
      * Stainless Stl       30 SFM
      * Steel		  50 SFM
      * Example: Calculate the approximate rpm the spindle should turn when machining a 2" OD piece of stainless steel in the lathe.
        * (4 x 30 SFM) / 2 = 60 RPM
    - Finish Feed = .002" advance per revolution
    - Roughing Feed = .008" advance per revolution
    - Changing feeds and speeds on various lathes