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-====== Additional Programmatic Requirements (30-36 cr) Under an Emphasis ======
-In addition to the core requirements, one of the following emphases must be followed.  In each of them, students will work with advisors who specialize in advising students pursuing that emphasis.  Including the additional coursework taken to satisfy the requirements of the individual emphasis and any electives, the total number of semester credits required for graduation is 120.
-== Professional Physics Emphasis ==
-This emphasis is designed for those students who know that they wish to concentrate in physics, perhaps with the intention of preparing for graduate study in physics or seeking employment in industry as a physicist.
-The remaining two courses not already chosen from the list of:
-^Courses ^ Credits ^
-^ Phys 3201, 4001, 4002 and 4101 in the central program. | 7-8|
-^ Upper division physics elective. |3-4|
-^ Upper division math elective.	|3-4|
-^ Technical electives.	| 19 |
-The physics elective can be any upper level course with a "Phys" designator, including history of physics courses such as Phys 4111 and 4121 or Astrophysics (NOT Astro2001). Of particular interest may be Phys 4303 (Waves, Optics, and Relativity), which continues the development in Phys 4001 and 4002. Also of interest may be the following list of one-semester introductions to various fields of active development in physics:
-^ Courses ^ Credits ^
-^  Phys 4211 | Introduction to Solid-State Physics | 3 |
-^  Phys 4511 | Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics | 3 |
-^  Phys 4611 | Introduction to Space Physics | 3 |
-^  Phys 4621 | Introduction to Plasma Physics | 3 |
-^  Phys 4711 | Introduction to Optics | 3 |
-^  Phys 4911 | Introduction to Biopolymer Physics | 3 |
-^  Phys 5022 | Relativity, Cosmology and the Universe | 4 |
-The technical electives are any upper level technical courses for example, chemistry or engineering.  Also the study of some higher-level computer language, such as C, is essential if a student has not already learned such a language (for example, BASIC, PASCAL, FORTRAN, etc.). APAS will automatically accept all 3xxx level courses from IT or CBS.  Exceptions can be made on approval of the DUS for lower level courses or ones outside IT or CBS, for example, the 1xxx level CSci courses in C++ and JAVA programming are typically accepted as technical electives. For students planning to go on to graduate school in physics, it is strongly recommended that they include Phys 4303 (Waves, Optics, and Relativity) in their programs as well as a Senior project. Students planning to seek employment directly after graduation in industry are also encouraged to undertake Senior projects. Such projects could be formalized by registering for Phys 4501(Experimental Project).  All choices of technical electives should be discussed with your faculty adviser when making up your 1-year plan.
-Whereas the choice of the upper division math elective is extensive, students in physics will find the study of ordinary and partial differential equations, Fourier series, and complex variables to be particularly useful. Another topic of great importance is the use of numerical methods.
- == Physics with an Engineering Emphasis ==
-This option is designed for students with a variety of goals. It provides the opportunity for students to take a significant amount of coursework in one or several engineering fields, while obtaining a solid preparation in physics. Students interested in exploring one or several engineering fields as possible fields in which to pursue graduate study might be interested in this option.
-In the past, many engineering departments have welcomed well-prepared students with undergraduate degrees in physics into their graduate programs, although in such cases there has often been the need for students to make up some specific coursework in the engineering field. With this option, there is the possibility of minimizing such makeup study.
-Students preparing for direct employment in industry after graduation might find the orientation of such coursework toward applied problems helpful to themselves and to their potential employers. Students who have begun in one engineering field or another and find themselves increasingly interested in the fundamental physics underlying the field and are considering transferring into physics might find this option an efficient way to satisfy their degree requirements. It should be noted that this option in no way precludes continuation on in physics as a graduate student.
-^ Courses ^ Credits ^
-^ Chem 1021 | Chemical Principles I | 4 |
-^ Technical electives in engineering and related areas | 25 |
-Plus at least one course in each of the two remaining areas (7-8credits) not already chosen from the above list of Phys 3201, 4001, 4002 and 4101.  These may be the physics courses listed, themselves, or approved substitutes as listed below.  Other substitutions can be made with the approval of the faculty advisor or DUS.
-^ Courses ^ Credits ^
-^  Phys 3201, or ME 3321 Thermodynamics | 4 |
-^ or ME 3324 Introduction to Thermal Science | 4 |
-^  Phys 4001, or AEM 2021 Statics and Dynamics | 4 |
-^ or AEM 2011-2012 Statics-Dynamics | 3-4 |
-^  Phys 4002, or EE 3601 Electromagnetic Fields and Waves. | 4 |
-^  Phys 4101 | 4 |
-As may be seen from the requirements above, coursework in each of the same four core areas of physics represented in the professional physics emphasis is included in this emphasis. However, coursework in up to two of these areas may be taken in an engineering department, and such substitution is in fact encouraged.
-The 25 credits in engineering and related areas may include courses in any of the physical sciences, including physics, so there is considerable flexibility. The engineering courses may be taken in a single engineering field if a student has a rather definite career interest to pursue, or distributed over a number of fields if a student wants to explore a variety of interests. In any case, the student is asked to work out a coherent program with his or her advisor, who will be able to suggest suitable choices of courses for such programs.
- == Physics with a Biological Emphasis ==
-This option is designed for students who have an interest in the application of physics to biology, including its application at a fundamental level to the understanding of biological systems, its application to measuring-systems for biomedical applications, and as a basis for biomedical engineering. Students preparing for direct employment in biomedical-related industry might be interested in this option. Likewise, students might adopt this emphasis with an interest in pursuing graduate study in molecular biology, physiology, medical physics, or biomedical engineering. Students planning to go on to medical school might also be interested in this option, although such students may find it simpler to satisfy the entrance requirements for medical school through a physics major in CLA.
-^ Courses ^ Credits ^
-^ Chem 1021,1022  | Chemical Principles I, II | 8 |
-^ Chem 2301  | Organic Chemistry I  | 3 |
-^ BioC 3021 | Biochemistry | 3 |
-^  Biol 1009* | General Biology (Counted in the CLE requirement above) | 14 |
-* Technical electives in Biology (at 3xxx level and above) and related areas
-Plus at least one course in each of the two remaining areas (6-8 credits) not already chosen from the list of Phys 4001, 4002, 4101, and 4201 above. These may be the physics courses listed, themselves, or approved substitutes as listed below:
-^ Courses ^ Credits ^
-^ Phys 3201, or Chem 3501 | Physical Chemistry I | 3 |
-^  Phys 4001 | | 4 |
-^  Phys 4002 | | 4 |
-^  Phys 4101, or Chem 3502  | Physical Chemistry II | 4 (3) |
-The additional requirements here include a basic minimum of chemistry and biochemistry for further work in biology-related areas. As in the earlier two emphases, coursework in all four of the upper division core areas is required, but in this case, coursework in two of these areas may be taken in chemistry, a path which is recommended for students planning to do graduate work in biology.
-As in the other emphases, the student's advisor will be able to recommend suitable courses that might be used to satisfy the requirement of 14 credits in biology and related areas. Students interested in a direct discussion of the application of physical principles to biology might consider Phys 5401 and 5402, Physiological and Radiological Physics, respectively.
-== Physics for Teaching ==
-This option is intended for students who may be interested in teaching physics at the secondary school level. The emphasis in this program is less on advanced formal study of physics and more on a broad training in physics and related scientific topics that would be of most use in working with high-school students. This program is intended, in particular, to fit well with the requirements of the new State of Minnesota licensure for the teaching of physics in secondary schools. Nevertheless, it is designed so as not to preclude other career options, including graduate school in physics, should a student's interests change.   The total number of credits from the following courses must be greater than or equal to 30.
-^ Courses ^ Credits ^
-^ Chem 1021-1022 | Chemical Principles I, II | 8 |
-^ One upper level course from each of the following four groups:||
-^ History and philosophy of science, e.g. | |
-^ Phys 4111 | History of Nineteenth-Century Physics  | 3 |
-^ Phys 4121 | History of Twentieth-Century Physics | 3 |
-^ Relativity, astrophysics, and cosmology, e.g. ||
-^ Ast 2001 | Introduction to Astrophysics | 4 |
-^ Phys 4911 | Introduction to Biopolymer Physics | 3 |
-^ Phys 5022 | Relativity, Cosmology and the Universe | 4 |
-^ Earth sciences, e.g. | |
-^ Geo 2201 | Geodynamics I: The Solid Earth | 4 |
-^ Geo 3201 | Geodynamics II: The Fluid Earth  | 4 |
-^ Geo 2303  | Geochemical Principles |  3 |
-^ Geo 3401 | Geochronology and Earth History | 3 |
-^ Science for technology, e.g. | |
-^ Phys 4711 | Introduction to Optics | 3 |
-^ EE 5621 | Physical Optics and EE5622. Physical Optics Laboratory | 4 |
-^ Phys 5701 | Solid State Physics for Engineers and Scientists | 4 |
-^ AEM 4201 | Fluid Mechanics  | 4 |
-**Additional technical electives to complete a total of 30 credits**
-All courses must be selected with the approval of the student's advisor. The courses listed above are merely suggestions for appropriate courses to fill this requirement.
-Included in a student's overall program must be two courses in Engineering, one of which has a substantial design component. In addition, a student must acquire a knowledge of computer programming in at least one language, either through coursework or individual study and practice, if he or she does not already have such knowledge.
-Students following this option in preparation for secondary school teaching are strongly recommended to participate in a program of voluntary teaching at some point during their undergraduate years.
-If a student who pursues this option still has in mind the possibility of doing graduate study in physics, he or she would be wise to try to work in all four of the upper division core courses, Phys 3201, 4001, 4002 and 4101.
-**Computational Physics Emphasis**
-Students who are interested in the practical application of physics and computational methods, but would like a less specialized education than they would find in a computer science department, will find that this degree track provides them with a solid education.  In addition to the strong physics core curriculum, students can focus on the use of computational techniques in a number of scientific fields, such as physics, chemistry, geophysics, and different engineering fields.  Students interested in moving directly into industry, and students who want to pursue a graduate degree in either computational methods or physics, will find this program valuable.
-Plus at least one course in each of the two remaining areas (7-8 credits) not already chosen from the above list of Phys 3201, 4001, 4002 and 4101.  These may be the physics courses listed, themselves, or approved substitutes as listed below.  Other substitutions can be made with the approval of the faculty advisor or DUS.
-^ Courses ^ Credits ^
-^ Phys 3201 or Geo 5202 | Geological Thermomechanical Modeling or Chem 3501 Physical Chemistry | 3 |
-^ Phys 4001 or AEM 2021 | Statics and Dynamics or AEM 4201 Fluid Mechanics | 4 |
-^ Phys 4002 | | 4 |
-^ Phys 4101 | 4 |
-**Additional Programmatic Requirements (14-15 credits)**
-^ Courses ^ Credits ^
-^ CSci 1901  | Structure of Computer Programming | 3-4 |
-^ or CSci 1107 | Introduction to Fortran | 3-4 |
-^ or CSCI 1113 | Introduction to C/C++	| 3-4 |
-^ CSci 2031 | Introduction to Numerical Computation | 4 |
-^ (Ast4101 or comparable Math or Physics course) |Computational Methods |  4 |
-^ Chem. 5012  | Computational Chemistry | 3 |
-^ or AEM 4251 | Computational Fluid Mechanics |
-**Technical electives in computation, physics and related areas at upper division level (11-14 cr.)**
-Examples include
-^Course number ^ description ^
-^ Geo 5201 | Time-Series Analysis |
-^ Geo 5802 | Scientific Visualization |
-^ Geo 5202 | Geological Thermomechanical Modeling |
-^ Math 5487 + 5488 | Computational Methods for Differential and Integral Equations I and II |
-^ Math 5485 + 5486 | Introduction to Numerical Methods I and II  |
-^ Math 5481 | Math of Industrial Problems |
-^ Math 4567 | Fourier Analysis |
-^ Phys 5041 + 5042 | Analytical and Numerical Methods I and II |
-^ CE 3101 | Computer Application in Civil Engineering. |

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